If you find a hard lump under your skin and are experiencing an unsightly or painful skin cyst in Toronto, Oakville or Southern Ontario areas, you’ve come to the right place. At Toronto Minor Surgery Center, our board certified plastic surgeons with over 15,000 successful surgeries, can efficiently remove these cysts. While sebaceous cysts are mostly harmless, they can occasionally become painful, infected or aesthetically troubling. In such cases, surgical removal is advised. Our board-certified surgeons use a "tiny scar" technique to ensure minimal scarring.
What is a Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst is a benign, slow-growing lump that develops beneath the skin, often referred to interchangeably as an epidermoid cyst or pilar cyst depending on its origin. These cysts are essentially closed sacs filled with keratin—a white, fatty, cheese-like substance made up of dead skin cells. Keratin is the same protein that forms your hair and nails, giving these cysts their distinctive texture. Sebaceous cysts can appear almost anywhere on the body, except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, due to the absence of sebaceous glands in those areas. Common locations include the scalp, ears, face, neck, upper arms, upper back, chest, and, in men, the scrotum.
The term "sebaceous cyst" is frequently used as an umbrella term, but there are subtle differences between the types:
Epidermoid Cysts: These originate from the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, when skin cells multiply inside a confined sac rather than shedding naturally.
Pilar Cysts: These arise from hair follicles, typically on the scalp, and are often linked to hereditary factors.
True Sebaceous Cysts: These are less common and specifically involve the sebaceous glands, which produce oil (sebum) to lubricate the skin and hair.
Despite these distinctions, all are benign and managed similarly through surgical removal when necessary.
Characteristics of Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous cysts present as small, soft, mobile bumps beneath the skin. They grow gradually and can vary widely in size—from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Visually, they may appear skin-colored, tan, yellowish, or slightly reddish, often with a smooth, round surface. A notable feature in some cysts is a central punctum—a tiny, blackhead-like opening—through which keratin may occasionally leak if the cyst is squeezed or punctured. On the scalp, these cysts might contribute to localized hair loss due to pressure on surrounding hair follicles.
How to Identify a Sebaceous Cyst
Types of Skin Cysts
Understanding the differences between common skin cysts
Description
Sebaceous cysts form from blocked sebaceous glands that secrete oil (sebum) to lubricate skin and hair. They contain a thick, cheese-like substance made up of sebum and dead skin cells.
Common Locations
Face, neck, back, and torso. These cysts can appear almost anywhere except the palms of hands and soles of feet.
Characteristics
Round, movable lumps under the skin that grow slowly. They often have a central punctum (tiny opening) from which material may be expressed. Can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in size.
Treatment Approach
Complete surgical excision is recommended to remove both the cyst contents and the sac lining to prevent recurrence. Our surgeons use the "tiny scar" technique for optimal cosmetic results.
ⓘ While sebaceous cysts are generally harmless, they can become infected, causing pain, redness, and swelling. If you notice these symptoms, prompt medical attention is advised.
Description
Pilar cysts (also called trichilemmal cysts) originate from hair follicles. They contain keratin, a protein that forms your hair and nails. These cysts often have a thicker wall than other types.
Common Locations
Most frequently found on the scalp, where hair follicles are abundant. They account for approximately 90% of cysts on the scalp.
Characteristics
Smooth, round, firm bumps that move freely when touched. They typically grow slowly and can be hereditary, with multiple family members affected. Size ranges from a few millimeters to several centimeters.
Treatment Approach
Complete surgical excision is the standard treatment. The cyst and its wall must be completely removed to prevent recurrence. Pilar cysts have well-defined walls, making them relatively straightforward to remove.
✓ Pilar cysts often have a genetic component and tend to run in families. If you have multiple cysts on your scalp, other family members may experience similar issues.
Description
Epidermoid cysts form when surface skin cells (from the epidermis) grow into deeper skin layers instead of shedding normally. They contain a keratin-filled pocket beneath the skin.
Common Locations
Face, neck, chest, shoulders, and trunk. They can also appear in areas with little hair, unlike pilar cysts.
Characteristics
Small bump with a visible central punctum (black dot). Contents may include thick, yellow, and foul-smelling material. Growth is typically slow, and size varies from a few millimeters to a couple of centimeters.
Treatment Approach
Complete surgical excision with removal of the entire cyst wall is recommended. If the wall is left behind, the cyst will likely recur. Our surgeons take care to remove the full sac while minimizing scarring.
ⓘ Epidermoid cysts often develop after trauma to the skin, blocked hair follicles, or as a result of acne. They are sometimes confused with sebaceous cysts but arise from different cells.
Description
Ganglion cysts are fluid-filled lumps that form along tendons or joints. They contain a thick, clear, jelly-like fluid similar to synovial fluid that lubricates your joints.
Common Locations
Wrists, hands, ankles, and feet, particularly near joints or tendons. The back of the wrist is the most common location.
Characteristics
Round or oval, firm masses that may increase or decrease in size over time. They can be painful, especially with joint movement. Size typically ranges from pea-sized to 2.5 cm in diameter.
Treatment Approach
Treatment options include aspiration (draining the fluid) or surgical excision. While aspiration provides immediate relief, recurrence is common. Surgical removal offers a more permanent solution for problematic ganglion cysts.
⚠ Unlike other cyst types, ganglion cysts often appear suddenly, sometimes after an injury, and may fluctuate in size or even disappear on their own. They have a higher recurrence rate than other cyst types.
Distinguishing a sebaceous cyst from other skin conditions can help you decide when to seek treatment. Here’s how it compares to similar lumps:
Sebaceous Cyst: A smooth, round, slightly movable lump with a possible punctum. It’s typically painless unless infected or irritated.
Lipoma: A soft, rubbery lump composed of fat cells, lacking a punctum, and usually deeper in the tissue.
Boil/Abscess: A red, swollen, painful lump filled with pus, often warm to the touch due to infection.
Dermatofibroma: A firm, fibrous growth that may dimple when pinched, unlike the softer sebaceous cyst.
If you’re uncertain about the nature of your lump, a consultation with one of our surgeons can provide clarity through a physical examination and, if needed, imaging or biopsy.
Sebaceous Cyst Symptoms
Sebaceous cysts often develop unnoticed, growing slowly over months or years to a size of a few centimeters. For many, they remain asymptomatic, posing only cosmetic concerns—perhaps an unwanted bump on the face or neck. On the scalp, they might snag on combs or brushes, causing minor irritation.
When Symptoms Indicate a Problem
While typically benign, sebaceous cysts can sometimes cause discomfort or signal complications:
Pain or Tenderness: Redness, swelling, or soreness may indicate inflammation or infection, often requiring medical attention.
Leakage: If punctured, the cyst may ooze a thick, white, foul-smelling keratin substance, sometimes accompanied by a small horn-like protrusion.
Rapid Growth: A sudden increase in size could suggest infection or, rarely, a more serious condition.
Pressure Symptoms: Larger cysts, especially in sensitive areas like near the nails or on the scrotum, might cause discomfort or interfere with daily activities.
In extremely rare cases, sebaceous cysts can become malignant. Warning signs include:
A diameter exceeding five centimeters
Rapid recurrence following previous removal
Persistent infection symptoms (redness, pain, pus drainage)
If you observe these signs, prompt evaluation by our expert surgeons is essential to rule out malignancy and determine the best course of action.
What Causes Sebaceous Cysts?
Sebaceous cysts form when a sebaceous gland—a tiny oil-producing gland in the skin—becomes blocked or damaged. This blockage traps sebum and keratin inside a sac, leading to cyst development. Common triggers include:
Skin Trauma: Scratches, cuts, surgical incisions, or even vigorous scrubbing can damage glands or follicles.
Skin Conditions: Acne or other disorders that clog pores may contribute to cyst formation.
Hair Follicle Issues: On the scalp, pilar cysts may arise from blocked or malformed hair follicles.
The cyst may not appear immediately after the initial trauma; it can take weeks or months for the gland to swell as oil and debris accumulate.
Genetic and Predisposing Factors
While anyone can develop a sebaceous cyst, certain factors increase susceptibility:
Heredity: Pilar cysts, in particular, often run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. If your parents or siblings have had these cysts, you might be more likely to develop them.
Multiple Cysts: Some individuals are prone to forming multiple cysts over time, possibly due to an underlying tendency in their skin or glandular structure.
Understanding these causes can help you monitor your skin and seek timely treatment if cysts emerge.
Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts
At TMSC, our board-certified plastic surgeons excel in surgically removing sebaceous cysts using local anesthesia for a comfortable, outpatient experience. The procedure involves making a small incision, extracting the cyst and its lining, and closing the site with stitches. This approach ensures the cyst is fully removed, minimizing the chance of recurrence.
Non-Surgical Alternatives
While surgery is the gold standard, other options exist, though they are less effective:
Observation: Small, asymptomatic cysts can be monitored without intervention if they don’t bother you.
Drainage: A doctor might puncture and drain the cyst, but this doesn’t remove the sac, so recurrence is common.
Home Remedies: Some attempt warm compresses or over-the-counter treatments, but these rarely resolve the cyst and may worsen irritation or infection.
Why Choose Surgical Removal?
Surgical excision offers distinct advantages:
Low Recurrence Rate: Removing the entire cyst sac prevents regrowth in the same spot.
Symptom Relief: Painful or bothersome cysts are eliminated, improving comfort and function.
Cosmetic Benefits: Unsightly cysts, especially on visible areas, are removed with minimal scarring.
Pathology Option: The excised cyst can be sent for analysis to confirm its benign nature.
Our surgeons prioritize this method for its reliability and patient satisfaction.
When to Remove a Sebaceous Cyst
Answer a few simple questions to determine if your cyst should be removed
1. Is your cyst causing pain or discomfort?
2. Has the cyst become red, inflamed, or warm to the touch?
3. Is the cyst leaking or has it ruptured?
4. Is the cyst in a visible or cosmetically concerning location?
5. Has the cyst grown significantly in size or changed rapidly?
6. Does the cyst interfere with daily activities (e.g., combing hair, wearing clothes)?
Urgent Removal Recommended
Based on your responses, your cyst shows signs of infection or complications that require prompt medical attention. Infected cysts can worsen quickly and may lead to more serious issues if left untreated.
Recommended Action
Schedule an appointment as soon as possible. At The Minor Surgery Center, we often offer same-day consultations and treatment for urgent cases.
Based on your responses, your cyst would benefit from professional removal. While not an emergency, addressing it soon will prevent potential complications and improve your comfort and appearance.
Recommended Action
Schedule a consultation at your convenience. We'll evaluate the cyst and discuss the best removal options for your specific situation.
Based on your responses, your cyst appears stable and isn't causing significant problems. Removal is optional and can be done at your convenience for peace of mind or to prevent potential future issues.
Recommended Action
Consider a consultation to discuss removal options. Even non-problematic cysts can be removed with minimal downtime and excellent cosmetic results.
Based on your responses, your cyst doesn't currently require removal. It appears stable, isn't causing problems, and doesn't present cosmetic concerns.
Recommended Action
Continue to monitor the cyst for any changes. If you notice pain, growth, redness, or if it begins to interfere with activities, consider scheduling a consultation.
Note: This tool provides general guidance only and does not replace professional medical advice. Unusual or concerning lumps should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
How TMSC Conducts Sebaceous Cyst Removal Surgery
Sebaceous cyst removal at TMSC is a streamlined, patient-focused procedure performed in our state-of-the-art facility. We tailor each surgery to your unique needs, ensuring safety, comfort, and excellent results.
Pre-Operative Consultation
Your journey begins with a free consultation, where our surgeon will:
Assess the cyst’s size, location, and condition through a physical exam.
Review your medical history to identify any relevant factors or contraindications.
Discuss your goals—whether cosmetic, functional, or both—and explain the procedure in detail.
Outline preparation steps, such as avoiding certain medications or planning your visit.
In many cases, we can perform the surgery on the same day as your consultation, minimizing delays.
The Surgical Procedure
The removal process is quick—often under 30 minutes—and follows these steps:
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia numbs the area, ensuring a pain-free experience. For larger cysts or anxious patients, mild sedation may be offered.
Incision: Using a scalpel, the surgeon makes a small, strategically placed incision to access the cyst while preserving surrounding tissue.
Cyst Extraction: The keratin contents are gently expressed, and the entire cyst sac is meticulously removed to prevent recurrence.
Closure: The site is cleaned, sterilized, and closed with fine stitches, often using our "tiny scar" technique for minimal visibility.
Patients typically return home immediately after, with no need for an overnight stay.
Post-Operative Care
Post-surgery, we provide comprehensive aftercare guidance:
Wound Management: Keep the area clean and dry, following specific cleaning instructions.
Activity Limits: Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for 5-7 days to support healing.
Pain Control: Mild discomfort can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen.
Follow-Up: A follow-up visit ensures proper healing and stitch removal (if non-dissolvable stitches are used).
Our team remains available to address any concerns during recovery.
Scarring and Aftercare
Scarring is a top concern for many patients, and at TMSC, we excel in minimizing its impact. Our surgeons use precise techniques to place incisions in natural skin folds or less visible areas, ensuring scars fade significantly over time—often becoming nearly imperceptible.
Tips for Minimizing Scarring
To enhance your results, follow these aftercare tips:
Maintain Cleanliness: Wash the site gently as directed to prevent infection, which can worsen scarring.
Protect from Sunlight: UV exposure can darken healing scars; cover the area or use sunscreen after initial healing.
Use Scar Treatments: Silicone gels or sheets, available at our clinic, can flatten and fade scars.
Avoid Stretching: Refrain from activities that pull on the wound during the first few weeks.
Our surgeons provide personalized scar management advice tailored to your skin type and surgery site.
Cost of Sebaceous Cyst Removal in Toronto
At TMSC, the cost to remove a sebaceous, epidermoid, or pilar cyst starts at $650 across our Toronto, Oakville, and Southern Ontario locations. Pricing varies based on:
Cyst Size: Larger cysts may require more time or resources.
Location: Cysts in delicate areas (e.g., face) demand extra precision.
Complexity: Infected or recurrent cysts might increase procedural demands.
We offer transparent pricing during your consultation, ensuring no surprises.
Payment Options and Insurance
OHIP Coverage: If the cyst is infected, painful, or poses a health risk, removal may qualify for OHIP coverage. We assist with documentation.
Flexible Payments: Installment plans or credit options are available to suit your budget.
Multiple Cysts: Discounts may apply for removing several cysts in one session.
Is cyst removal covered by OHIP?
OHIP coverage for cyst removal depends on the nature of the cyst and its impact on health. If the cyst is infected or poses a health risk, removal might be covered. Our surgeons can provide documentation and support for insurance purposes.
FAQs
Where can sebaceous cysts develop?
Sebaceous cysts can develop anywhere on the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Common locations include the scalp, ears, face, neck, upper arms, upper back and chest. Men may also find these cysts on their scrotum.
What causes sebaceous cysts?
Sebaceous cysts develop when a skin oil gland becomes blocked or injured. This can result from skin trauma such as a scratch, surgical incision, or skin disorders like acne.
How are sebaceous cysts treated?
Sebaceous cysts are typically removed surgically. Our board-certified surgeons at TMSC use local anesthesia to perform the procedure, ensuring a pain-free experience. The entire cyst and its lining are extracted to prevent recurrence.
Is cyst removal surgery painful?
The procedure is generally not painful as local anesthesia is used. Patients might feel a sting from the injection, but the surgery itself is pain-free.
Will the cyst return after removal?
Complete removal of the cyst and its lining typically ensures it will not return to the same spot.
What is the recovery time post-surgery?
Recovery can take about four weeks if sutures are used. Open wounds may take longer. Follow-up visits are scheduled to monitor healing.
How long do stitches remain after cyst removal?
Stitches usually stay in place for about four weeks but may vary based on healing progress and the specific surgical method used. Regular follow-up visits help ensure timely stitch removal and healing monitoring.
When should a sebaceous cyst be removed?
Removal is recommended if the cyst causes pain, aesthetic concerns, or interferes with daily activities, such as dressing or grooming.
Are sebaceous and pilar cysts dangerous?
Sebaceous and pilar cysts are generally benign and painless but can occasionally become infected or inflamed, necessitating medical intervention. Unusual lumps or growths should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out more serious conditions.
What are the different types of skin cysts and how do they differ?
Sebaceous Cysts: Found on the face, neck and torso, these form from blocked sebaceous glands and contain sebum.
Pilar Cysts: Located primarily on the scalp, these arise from hair follicles and are filled with keratin.
Epidermoid Cysts: Common on the face, neck and trunk, these form from skin cells.
Ganglion Cysts: Often develop along tendons or joints in the wrists and hands and are fluid-filled.
Why Choose TMSC for Your Sebaceous Cyst Removal?
The Toronto Minor Surgery Center stands out as the premier choice for sebaceous cyst removal:
Expert Surgeons: Our board-certified plastic surgeons bring decades of experience and over 15,000 procedures.
Rapid Access: No referral needed, with consultations and surgeries often on the same day.
Advanced Facility: Our clinic features cutting-edge technology in a safe, out-of-hospital setting.
Patient-First Approach: From your first call to final follow-up, we prioritize your comfort and satisfaction.
For expert sebaceous cyst removal in Toronto, Oakville, Vaughan, and beyond, trust TMSC. Contact us at (647) 614-1611 or book a free consultation today—no referral required. Let our skilled surgeons restore your comfort and confidence with minimal downtime and exceptional care.
