Trigger Finger Surgery and Treatment

Understanding Trigger Finger

Trigger finger is a condition in which a finger or thumb catches or locks when bent. Though it often starts as a mild inconvenience—perhaps a slight soreness or clicking sensation—it can progressively lead to significant pain, stiffness, and a limited range of motion. When the thumb is specifically affected, this variant is known as trigger thumb.

At TMSC, our board-certified plastic surgeons specialize in diagnosing and treating trigger finger with the utmost care and precision. Whether you’re experiencing early signs or have dealt with chronic symptoms for months, we’re here to help restore your hand’s functionality and improve your quality of life.

The Anatomy Behind Trigger Finger

Your fingers bend and straighten thanks to a complex interplay of tendons, muscles, and bones. The tendons responsible for finger flexion slide through narrow channels known as sheaths. Within these sheaths, there are pulley-like structures (the A1 pulley, in particular) that keep tendons close to the finger bones.

  • Tendons: Rope-like tissues that connect muscles in the forearm to the bones of the fingers.
  • Sheaths: Protective tunnels through which tendons pass.
  • Pulley: A band of tissue that holds the tendon in place, guiding its movement.

When these tendons become inflamed, irritated, or swollen, they can’t glide smoothly through the sheath. Inflammation and thickening of the tendon or the pulley itself cause catching or locking of the affected finger. Over time, the irritation can create a nodule (or lump) on the tendon, making it even harder for the tendon to slip through the tight pulley without getting stuck.Advanced Symptoms

Trigger Finger Symptoms - Interactive Guide

Trigger Finger Symptoms

Learn to recognize the early signs and symptoms of trigger finger. Understanding these symptoms can help you seek treatment before the condition worsens.

Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, occurs when the tendons in your finger become inflamed and have difficulty moving smoothly through the tendon sheath. This creates a catching or locking sensation.

Symptoms typically develop gradually and may be more evident during or after repetitive hand activities. The condition gets its name from the "triggering" sensation when the affected finger snaps back into position.

Symptom Severity Progression
MILD
MODERATE
SEVERE
Mild soreness Clicking sensation Finger locking

🔬 Anatomy Involved

Flexor Tendons
Control finger bending movements
Tendon Sheath
Protective tunnel around tendons
A1 Pulley
Ring-like structure at finger base
Synovial Fluid
Lubricates tendon movement

Six Key Symptoms

Click on each symptom card to learn more about the specific signs

1

Persistent Soreness

Mild discomfort at the base of affected finger or thumb.

Location: Base of finger, particularly noticeable when gripping
Description: Dull ache or sensitivity upon touch that persists
2

Noticeable Lump or Bump

Small nodule that can be felt at the base of the finger.

Characteristics: Small, moveable nodule at finger base
Movement: May move slightly when bending the finger
3

Tenderness

Area around the A1 pulley becomes tender to pressure.

Location: Near the base of finger at A1 pulley
Triggers: Repetitive activities like typing or using tools worsen tenderness
4

Clicking or Snapping Sensation

Audible or felt click, pop, or snap when moving finger.

Mechanism: Inflamed tendon catches on narrowed pulley
Sound: May hear or feel clicking as tendon snaps free
5

Finger Stiffness

Difficulty fully bending or straightening the finger.

Timing: Especially after waking or prolonged inactivity
Relief: Stiffness often improves with gentle movement
6

Difficulty Bending the Finger

Resistance or locking sensation during finger movement.

Experience: Resistance or "locking" halfway through motion
Effort: Full range of motion requires extra effort
Early Stage
Mild soreness and tenderness
Moderate
Clicking and stiffness
Advanced
Finger locking
Severe
Permanent contracture

Understanding Progression

Early Treatment is Key: Trigger finger symptoms typically worsen gradually over time. What starts as mild soreness can progress to complete finger locking if left untreated.

Morning Stiffness: Symptoms are often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity, when tendons are less flexible.

Activity Correlation: Repetitive gripping activities often trigger or worsen symptoms, making early recognition crucial for preventing progression.

Most Commonly Affected Fingers

Hover over each finger to see likelihood of trigger finger development

Frequency by Finger

Ring finger: Most common
Middle finger: Very common
Thumb: Common in women
Index finger: Moderately common
Pinky finger: Least common

Activities That May Trigger Symptoms

Repetitive gripping and finger flexion activities commonly worsen trigger finger

Typing & Computer Work
Playing Musical Instruments
Gardening & Pruning
Power Tool Use
Rock Climbing
Knitting & Sewing
Golf & Tennis
Weightlifting
Assembly Line Work
Painting & Brushwork
Smartphone Use
Hand Tools & Screwdrivers

💡 Prevention Tips

  • Take frequent breaks during repetitive activities
  • Use ergonomic tools with padded grips when possible
  • Alternate hands when performing repetitive tasks
  • Stretch your fingers and hands regularly throughout the day
  • Avoid forceful gripping when lighter touch will suffice

Gentle Relief Exercises

These gentle exercises may help alleviate mild trigger finger symptoms

🤲
Gentle Finger Stretching

Slowly stretch the affected finger to improve flexibility and reduce stiffness.

1. Gently straighten the affected finger with your other hand
2. Hold for 10-15 seconds without forcing
3. Slowly bend the finger back to starting position
4. Repeat 10 times, 3 times daily

👐
Tendon Gliding

Promote smooth tendon movement through different finger positions.

1. Start with fingers straight and extended
2. Make a hook fist (bend at middle joints only)
3. Make a full fist (bend all joints)
4. Return to straight position. Repeat sequence 10 times

🔄
Finger Massage

Gentle massage to improve circulation and reduce inflammation.

1. Use thumb to gently massage the base of affected finger
2. Apply gentle pressure in circular motions
3. Massage for 2-3 minutes, 2-3 times daily
4. Stop if pain increases

❄️
Cold Therapy

Apply cold to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected area.

1. Apply ice pack wrapped in thin towel
2. Place on base of affected finger for 10-15 minutes
3. Use 2-3 times daily, especially after activities
4. Never apply ice directly to skin
⚠️ Important Note:

These exercises are for mild symptoms only. If symptoms worsen or persist, consult a healthcare professional. Severe trigger finger may require medical intervention.

Which symptom is typically the first sign of trigger finger?
Persistent soreness at the base of the finger
Complete finger locking
Loud clicking sounds
Severe pain and swelling
Correct! Persistent soreness at the base of the finger is usually the earliest symptom of trigger finger.
What causes the "clicking" sensation in trigger finger?
Bone rubbing against bone
Inflamed tendon catching on the narrowed pulley
Joint cartilage wearing away
Muscle spasms in the finger
Correct! The clicking occurs when the inflamed tendon is briefly held back by the narrowed pulley, then snaps free.
Which finger is most commonly affected by trigger finger?
Thumb
Index finger
Ring finger
Pinky finger
Correct! The ring finger is the most commonly affected by trigger finger, followed by the middle finger.
When are trigger finger symptoms typically worse?
In the evening after activity
In the morning or after inactivity
During exercise
When the weather is cold
Correct! Symptoms are often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity when tendons are less flexible.

In more severe cases, the finger can lock in a bent position and then pop straight unexpectedly—or remain locked entirely. These symptoms are often more pronounced after heavy hand use or following a period of inactivity (such as overnight).

  • Locked in a Bent Position: You may need to use your other hand to manually straighten the stuck finger.
  • Sudden Release: When the finger does straighten, it can do so with a painful jerk or snap.
  • Inability to Straighten: In rare but serious cases, the finger may remain locked despite gentle manipulation.

If you’re experiencing these symptoms—especially recurring locking or persistent pain—seek professional evaluation. Early diagnosis is key to preventing long-term complications.

Causes of Trigger Finger

Causes of Trigger Finger

While the exact cause of trigger finger isn’t fully understood, several factors are associated with its development:

  1. Repetitive and Forceful Hand Activities
    • Jobs or hobbies involving frequent gripping—such as gardening, construction work, or musical instrument play—can stress the tendons.
    • Over time, repetitive movements contribute to tendon inflammation.
  2. Underlying Medical Conditions
    • Diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are well-known risk factors for trigger finger.
    • In these conditions, chronic inflammation can thicken the tendon sheath, making it harder for tendons to move freely.
  3. Hand Anatomy and Biomechanics
    • Some individuals may have a naturally narrower tendon sheath, increasing susceptibility to issues.
    • Past hand injuries can lead to scar tissue formation, further constricting movement.

How Inflammation Leads to Trigger Finger

When the tendon’s surface becomes irritated (often from overuse or minor trauma), it swells slightly. This swelling, combined with thickening of the sheath or pulley, restricts the normal sliding motion. A cycle of irritation can occur: the tendon swells → movement is restricted → further inflammation results.

Benefits of Early Treatment

The good news is that trigger finger often responds well to early intervention:

  1. Reduced Pain and Inflammation
    • Timely treatment can calm the irritated tissues quickly, preventing chronic flare-ups.
  2. Prevention of Progressive Symptoms
    • Addressing the problem early can stop the condition from worsening to the point of locking or persistent stiffness.
  3. Improved Finger Function and Flexibility
    • With early treatment, most individuals regain normal range of motion without permanent damage to tendons or pulleys.
  4. Decreased Likelihood of Surgery
    • Many cases can be managed with non-surgical approaches if caught early, potentially sidestepping operative procedures.
  5. Enhanced Hand Health
    • Taking proactive measures—like adjusting your activities or using ergonomic tools—can protect your hands and prevent future overuse injuries

Treatment Options for Trigger Finger

Picture o Trigger Finger Surgery and Treatment

At TMSC, we offer specialized surgical treatment for trigger finger. When non-surgical treatments, such as steroid injections, fail, surgery becomes the next option. The surgical procedure, known as "tenolysis" or "trigger finger release," aims to release the A1 pulley that obstructs tendon movement, allowing the tendon to glide smoothly through the sheath. Local anesthesia is used to numb the area during the procedure.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Before recommending surgery, many medical professionals begin with less invasive interventions. These can be effective, particularly for mild to moderate cases of trigger finger:

  1. Rest and Activity Modification
    • Temporarily avoiding activities that overstrain the affected finger (e.g., prolonged gripping or forceful pinching) can help reduce inflammation.
  2. Splinting
    • Wearing a finger splint (usually at night) keeps the affected digit in an extended position, reducing repetitive bending stress.
    • Splints can also be used during daytime activities if necessary.
  3. Steroid Injections
    • Corticosteroid injections near the A1 pulley can decrease inflammation and provide pain relief.
    • Relief can last several months, and in some cases, a single injection is sufficient to resolve the issue.
  4. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
    • Over-the-counter or prescription NSAIDs may help to lessen pain and reduce swelling in the short term.
  5. Physical Therapy or Occupational Therapy
    • Targeted hand exercises can strengthen supporting muscles and improve tendon glide.
    • Therapists may also teach you techniques for daily tasks that avoid overloading the affected finger.
  6. Hot/Cold Therapy
    • Applying a warm compress before activity can encourage fluid movement and tendon flexibility, while ice packs post-activity can mitigate swelling.

If these measures fail or if symptoms are particularly severe, surgical intervention might be the best course of action.

Surgical Treatment Options

When is Surgery Necessary?

Surgery becomes more pressing when:

  • Non-surgical treatments (like injections or splinting) fail to provide relief.
  • The finger locks regularly, causing substantial pain and functional limitation.
  • The patient’s overall hand function is severely compromised, affecting work, daily tasks, or quality of life.

Tenolysis (Trigger Finger Release)

The primary surgical procedure to address trigger finger is known as tenolysis or trigger finger release. During this operation:

  1. Anesthesia
    • A local anesthetic is administered to numb the area. You remain awake, but you won’t feel pain in the treated finger.
  2. Incision
    • The surgeon makes a small cut (often just a few millimeters) in the palm near the base of the affected finger.
  3. Release of the A1 Pulley
    • The tight pulley (A1) is cut, creating more space for the inflamed tendon to glide without catching.
  4. Tendon Inspection
    • The surgeon checks the tendon to ensure it moves smoothly through the sheath. In some cases, minor adhesions or nodules may be carefully addressed.
  5. Closure
    • The incision is then closed with stitches, and a small bandage or dressing is placed. Some patients may only need skin glue or adhesive strips.

Surgery Details

  • Surgery Cost: The cost of trigger finger surgery depends on factors like the surgeon’s expertise, the complexity of your case, and whether OHIP or private insurance fully covers the procedure. At TMSC, we provide a detailed estimate during your consultation.
  • Recovery Time: Most people experience a relatively quick recovery—often returning to light activities within a few days. Full healing, especially for heavy manual labor or sports, can take several weeks to a few months.
  • Anesthesia: With local anesthesia, you’ll be awake yet comfortable, minimizing risks associated with general anesthesia.
  • Surgery Name: Medical terms for the procedure include tenolysis or trigger finger release.
  • Post-Surgery Issues: While complications are rare, potential risks include infection, stiffness, or recurrence of symptoms. Our skilled surgeons at TMSC take every measure to minimize these possibilities.
  • Success Rate: Trigger finger release has a high success rate, with most patients experiencing significant relief and improved finger movement soon after surgery.

Recovery and Aftercare Following Trigger Finger Surgery

Immediate Post-Operative Period

  • Bandaging: You’ll likely leave the clinic with a bandage or light dressing around the surgical site.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers (like acetaminophen) or prescribed medication may be suggested for the first few days.
  • Movement: Surprisingly, gentle finger movement is encouraged soon after surgery to prevent joint stiffness. However, avoid heavy gripping or strenuous tasks until cleared by your surgeon.

Weeks Following Surgery

  • Stitches Removal: If non-absorbable sutures were used, they’re typically removed 1–2 weeks post-surgery.
  • Hand Therapy: Some patients benefit from hand therapy sessions to regain strength, coordination, and full range of motion.
  • Returning to Normal Activities: Many can resume light daily tasks within a few days, gradually advancing to more demanding activities over 2–6 weeks. Complete healing can take longer if the case was severe or if multiple fingers were treated.

Long-Term Considerations

  • Scarring: A small scar may be visible in the palm, but it usually fades over time.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: If repetitive hand strain contributed to your condition, consider changing your ergonomics or using tools designed to reduce stress on your fingers.
  • Recurrence: Although rare, trigger finger can recur if tendons become inflamed again. Preventive measures (like breaks during repetitive tasks) can help.

Trigger Finger FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you need to know about trigger finger

While trigger finger can be exacerbated by repetitive hand use, it is not typically caused by a single injury. Instead, it develops over time due to tendon inflammation and thickening of the tendon sheath.
In some mild cases, rest and non-surgical treatments may alleviate symptoms. However, severe or persistent cases often require medical intervention to prevent permanent stiffness.
Early signs include stiffness in the finger, especially in the morning, a clicking or popping sensation when moving the finger, pain at the base of the finger, and difficulty straightening or bending the finger smoothly.
People most at risk include those with diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout. It's also more common in women, people over 40, and those who perform repetitive gripping activities or use vibrating tools regularly.
No, non-surgical treatments like splinting, steroid injections, and physical therapy are often the first line of treatment. Surgery is considered when these conservative methods fail to provide relief.
Steroid injections are quite effective, with success rates of 60-90% depending on the severity. They work by reducing inflammation around the tendon. Most patients experience relief within a few days to weeks after injection.
Yes, most trigger finger surgeries are performed under local anesthesia, so you will be awake but the area being treated will be completely numb. The procedure typically takes 15-20 minutes.
Recovery time varies, but most patients can resume light activities within a few days. Full recovery can take a few weeks to a few months, with gradual return to normal activities and grip strength.
Yes, trigger finger can affect multiple fingers simultaneously or develop in other fingers over time. It most commonly affects the thumb, ring finger, or middle finger, but any finger can be involved.
While rare, potential risks include infection, stiffness, and recurrence of symptoms. Other uncommon risks include nerve damage and incomplete release. Our experienced surgeons take every precaution to minimize these risks.
Prevention strategies include avoiding repetitive gripping, taking frequent breaks during hand-intensive activities, performing finger stretching exercises, maintaining good diabetes control if diabetic, and using ergonomic tools when possible.

Why Choose TMSC?

  1. Board-Certified Expertise
    Our surgeons are not only specialists in hand surgery but also dedicated to safety and clinical excellence.
  2. Cutting-Edge Techniques
    We stay updated on the latest research and methods in treating hand conditions. From advanced non-surgical treatments to minimally invasive surgical approaches, we focus on delivering optimal results.
  3. Convenient Locations
    TMSC operates in Toronto, Vaughan, and Oakville, making it easier for patients across the GTA to access top-tier care.
  4. Personalized Treatment Plans
    We believe in individualized care—tailoring our approach to your unique condition, activity level, and personal goals.
  5. Patient-Centered Environment
    From your first consultation to post-operative follow-ups, our team is here to guide and support you every step of the way.

Insurance Coverage for Trigger Finger

In Ontario, treatment for trigger finger—including surgery—is covered by OHIP when deemed medically necessary. This coverage typically includes:

  • Surgical fees
  • Operating room costs
  • Essential post-operative care

Non-surgical treatments, such as steroid injections or physical therapy, may involve additional costs depending on the setting and specific coverage details. At TMSC, our administrative team can help you navigate insurance paperwork, ensuring you understand what’s covered and what’s not.

Contact Us

For more information or to schedule a consultation, please visit our clinics in Toronto, Vaughan, and Oakville. We are committed to providing top-quality care for all our patients.

Our locaitons

  • Toronto: 2920 Dufferin Street, Suite 202, Toronto ON M6B 3S8
  • Oakville: 3075 Hospital Gate Unit 109, Oakville, ON L6M 1M
  • Vaughan: 2701 Rutherford Rd Building C, Vaughan, ON L4K 2N6
  • Mississauga: 1224 Dundas Street West  Unit 101 Mississauga, ON L4C 4G7
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