Venous Insufficiency

What is Venous Insufficiency?

Venous insufficiency occurs when veins become damaged and fail to carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart efficiently. This condition can lead to various vein issues. At TMSC, we treat three primary types of venous insufficiencies: spider veins, reticular veins and varicose veins.

Spider Veins (<1mm diameter)

Spider veins are small, damaged veins typically appearing on the legs. They are usually not painful or harmful, but in rare cases, they can cause pain and discomfort. Spider veins are more common in women than men and are often treated for cosmetic reasons.

Reticular Veins (1-2mm diameter)

Reticular veins are veins seen below the skin's surface that do not protrude and cannot be felt. They are mainly a cosmetic concern but can sometimes cause discomfort and aching. These veins can act as "feeders" to spider veins, leading to the formation of the latter.

Varicose Veins (>2mm diameter)

Varicose veins are twisted, bulging veins that can be felt on the skin's surface. They are visible under the skin and are often a cosmetic concern, though they can cause pain and discomfort in some cases.

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Symptoms of Venous Insufficiency

Spider Veins

• Appear blue, purple, or red
• Thin lines resembling webs or branches
• Common on thighs, ankles, and calves
• Usually painless but can cause discomfort

Reticular Veins

• Appear blue or purple
• Common on the backs of knees, inner thighs, and ankles
• Can cause pain, burning, itching, redness, swelling, or tenderness

Varicose Veins

• Appear twisted and bulging
• Dark purple or blue in color
• Common in the legs due to standing and walking
• Symptoms include aches, heaviness, burning, throbbing, muscle cramping, swelling, and skin discoloration

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Causes of Venous Insufficiency

Venous insufficiency occurs when vein valves malfunction, preventing regular blood flow and causing blood to pool in the veins. This can lead to the formation of spider veins, reticular veins, and varicose veins. Factors contributing to venous insufficiency include:

• Genetics
• Pregnancy
• Being female
• Age
• Obesity
• Hormonal changes
• Extended sitting or standing
• Previous blood clots or vein damage
• Sun damage

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Venous Insufficiency Treatment

At TMSC, our experienced vascular surgeon treats all three types of venous insufficiencies.

Spider Veins

• Transcutaneous Laser Therapy: A laser impulse is applied through the skin, selectively targeting and coagulating the affected veins. This treatment requires no incisions or punctures.
• Sclerotherapy Injection: A salt solution is injected into the veins, causing them to collapse and form scar tissue, which eventually fades away. We use Sclerodex, a low-dose sclerosing agent that minimizes staining.

Reticular Veins

• Sclerotherapy Injection: Effective for treating veins confined to the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue.
• Ablative Therapy: Used when veins are larger and deeper, involving heat to damage tissue and form scar tissue, closing the vein. An ultrasound is typically necessary to determine the treatment required.

Varicose Veins

• Ablative Therapy: Involves using heat to damage tissue and form scar tissue, which closes the vein. An ultrasound confirms the reflux and necessary treatment.

Venous insufficiencies can cause discomfort, pain, or self-consciousness. If your veins are bothering you, our vascular surgeon can answer any questions and guide you through your recovery.

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What is the cost of Venous Insufficiency Treatment?

The cost of Venous Insufficiency treatment is covered by OHIP. If you’re in Toronto, Oakville or Southern Ontario areas, visit our clinics for a free consultation.

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Localized Treatment in Toronto, Oakville and Southern Ontario

We offer specialized venous insufficiency treatments at our clinics in Toronto and Oakville serving Southern Ontario. Contact us today to schedule a free consultation and learn more about how we can help you achieve healthier veins and improved well-being.

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